Decision Making under Uncertainty: Adaptation and Cognition

        Abstract  Decision-making under uncertainty is being widely concerned among economists and psychologists, yet they have different theories to explain people’s decision-making behavior. The paper reviewed some theories on decision-making by economists and psychologists，including expected utility theory, subjectively expected utility theory and prospect theory. It mainly introduced some relevant research under “ecological rationality” approach, and described several heuristics discovered, such as one-reason rule. It also discussed the relationship between heuristics and adaptation. At the end, the paper analyzed the current trend of the research  

        Key words   decision-making   adaptation   cognition   

        朱莉琪　 皇甫刚　

        摘　要：不确定情境中的决策问题广受经济学家和心理学家关注,但他们对人的决策行为有不同的解释.该文简要回顾了经济学和心理学视野中的决策理论,包括预期效用理论、主观预期效用理论和前景理论.主要介绍了"生态理性"观对人的决策心理的研究,着重介绍了研究者发现的几种启发式策略,如"一个理由策略",并探讨了他们在人适应过程中的作用.文中最后分析了决策问题的研究现状.

        关键词：决策,适应,认知.

        分类号：B842.5　文献标识码：A

        基金项目：本文是中科院创新工程方向项目KSCXZ-SW-221 和KSCX2-2-03及国家自然科学基金(项目编号:39970260)的部分工作.

        作者简介：通讯作者:朱莉琪

        作者单位：朱莉琪（中国科学院心理研究所心理健康重点实验室,北京,100101）　

　　　　　        皇甫刚（北京航天航空大学,北京,100083）　

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